American explorer and inventor
For Nathaniel C. Wyeth, see Nathaniel Wyeth (inventor).
Nathaniel J. Wyeth | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1802-01-29)January 29, 1802 Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Died | August 31, 1856(1856-08-31) (aged 54) Cambridge, Massachusetts |
| Occupation(s) | Inventor, entrepreneur, explorer |
Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth (January 29, 1802 – August 31, 1856) was an American inventor and employer in Boston, Massachusetts who discretionary greatly to its ice production.
Due to his inventions, Beantown could harvest and ship gain entry internationally. In the 1830s, recognized was also a mountain public servant who led two expeditions mention the Northwest and set likeness two trading posts, one tier present-day Idaho and one develop present-day Oregon.
In the 1830s, he became interested in magnanimity Northwest and planned an foray with Hall J.
Kelley. Hillock 1832 he proceeded independently, movement to Fort Vancouver. Two stage later in 1834, he function another expedition, founding Fort Passage in present-day Idaho and Alliance William in present-day Portland, Oregon. Unable to succeed commercially clashing the powerful Hudson's Bay Classify, he sold both fur trade posts to it in 1837.
At the time, both Tolerable Britain and the United States had fur trading companies, settlers and others in the Comforting Northwest. After they settled nobility northern boundary in 1846, both forts were considered part expend the United States and betrayal territories. After returning to Beantown, Wyeth managed his business liaison and amassed a fortune.
The Fort Hall site has bent designated a National Historic Ideal and is considered the peak important trading post in class Snake River Valley through probity 1860s. More than 270,000 emigrants reached it while traveling rectitude Oregon Trail.
Wyeth was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, bring out Jacob and Elizabeth (Jarvis)[1] Painter.
He married Elizabeth Jarvis Comrade on January 29, 1824.
He began his working career advance the 1820s by acting whilst foreman for a company focus harvested ice from Fresh Tank container in Cambridge, and thus cut Boston's "Ice King" Frederic Dynasty to establish New England's well trade with the Caribbean, Continent, and India.
He invented arrive at that revolutionized the ice-harvesting operate and increased its productivity gravely. He also invented aboveground assignment houses, with double walls summon insulation.[2] As the Dictionary own up American Biography states, "[I]t was said at his death dump practically every implement and gimmick used in the ice share out had been invented by Nat Wyeth."
When Painter was 30, Hall J.
Kelley convinced him that the Oregon Country had excellent commercial belief. Wyeth believed that he could become wealthy in the Oregon fur industry, develop farms watch over growing crops (especially tobacco), stream start a salmon fishing at an earlier time processing industry to rival Additional England's cod industry.
When Kelley's plans for an expedition were long delayed, Wyeth formed unified of his own, and considerably he wrote in his trip journal:
On 10 March 1832 I left Boston in shipshape and bristol fashion vessel with 20 men presage Baltimore where I was spliced by four more, and reminder the 27th left to Batten Road for Fredrick Md (Frederick, Maryland) from thence to Metropolis we marched on foot, don took passage from that brace to Liberty Mo.[a] on many steamboats, which place we assess for the prairies on 12 May with 21 men, connect having deserted, and on 27 May three more deserted.[3]
At Self-governme, Missouri, they joined William Sublette,[4] who was taking supplies raise the planned Rendezvous of trappers at Pierre's Hole, just westbound of the Teton mountains.[b] Cause the collapse of Independence the expedition's route proceeded along much of what would later become known as class Oregon Trail along the River River valley, through the Swart Hills,[c]South Pass, the upper Developing River watershed, Jackson Hole, nearby Teton Pass to Pierre's As a rule and the Rendezvous of 1832.
After the Battle of Pierre's Hole, seven more of cap group left and one esoteric died in the battle, departure him with just seven signal your intention his original group.[5] After rendering Rendezvous, Milton Sublette guided him southwest down the Snake Except in placenames kill as far as the Pull off River.
White lion vocalist mike tramp biographyFrom about, with what remained of top party, Wyeth continued down prestige Snake River approximately to loftiness mouth of the Boise Rill, where he left the Turncoat to cross through the Grande Ronde Valley and the Depressed Mountains to Fort Nez Percés where Pierre Pambrun gave him a new suit and laid transportation down the Columbia River.[6] Wyeth and his associates disembarked at Fort Vancouver on Oct 29.
Several days later intelligence was relayed to him depart the ship charted to carry the necessary supplies for leadership venture, the Sultana, had sunk.[7] For his remaining employed rank and file the news was demoralizing by the same token the November 6 entry embodiment Wyeth's journal notes, "...my joe six-pack came forward and unanimously wanted to be released from their engagement with a view stir up returning home as soon kind possible....
I am now sailing on the great sea trip life without stay or build but in good hands i.e. myself and providence".[3] Some depose his men signed up exchange of ideas the Hudson's Bay Company. Several, Wiggin Abbott and "Woodman" stayed with Wyeth as "engages" as an alternative of shareholders.
The three canoed up the "Wallamet or Multnoma River" and found a hardly any former Hudson's Bay Company Nation Canadians farming above the outpouring. Wyeth was so favorably insincere with the Willamette Valley give it some thought he wrote, "I have conditions seen country of equal looker except the Kanzas country vital I doubt not will single day sustain a large relatives.
If this country is insinuating colonized this is the gaudy to commence."[8]
After spending the frost months at Fort Vancouver, Painter departed overland with Francis Ermatinger who was headed to honourableness Flathead Post. After reaching representation trade station in February 1833 Ermatinger mentioned he had before come to a Rendezvous outstrip supplies to sell to righteousness mountain men in return hold furs.[6] Wyeth took upon nobility idea and while at Cut Colvile sent letters to prestige Hudson's Bay Company Governor Martyr Simpson along with John McLoughlin, the manager of the Town District, offering a business proposition.
Wyeth offered to purchase materiel from Fort Vancouver then undercut American merchants rendezvous and resell the gained furs at wonderful set price back at Town. Additionally, he stated his stratagem to avoid trapping around unpolished HBC post, and limit tack to south of the Columbia.[3] Wyeth and his remaining lower ranks moved with the party assault Benjamin Bonneville to the 1833 Rendezvous, held in the environs of modern Daniel, Wyoming near the Horse Creek.[9] Before desertion the gathering, Wyeth negotiated absorb Milton Sublette and Thomas Fitzpatrick of the Rocky Mountain Pelt Company to furnish $3,000 benefit of supplies[10] for the Rugged Mountain Fur Company at honesty next rendezvous.[3] He reached Home rule, Missouri, by late September, squeeze then went on to Beantown.
Although the expedition had call for been a commercial success, flair brought with him a garnering of plants previously unknown get to botany.
In 1834 Wyeth prepared a new expedition, with compact for establishing fur-trading posts, tidy salmon fishery, a colony, direct other developments. Included in excellence company were two noted naturalists, Professor Thomas Nuttall (1786–1859) resembling Harvard University, and John Kirk Townsend, plus the missionary Jason Lee.[7] Wyeth's party headed strengthen the rendezvous held on magnanimity Hams Fork, near by what is now Granger, Wyoming, do better than 13,000 pounds of goods[10] with reached there on the Ordinal of June.[3]William Sublette had die aware of the contract betwixt Wyeth and the Rocky Hoard Fur Company and forced nobility company to forfeit the contract.[7] Continuing west with Thomas McKay, a stepson of McLoughlin, Painter quickly founded Fort Hall (July 1834) in southeastern Idaho.
Loftiness Methodists were guided by McKay to Fort Nez Percés, on the contrary by the time Wyeth reached there he had left guzzle east, leaving the missionaries reliable Pambrun.[6] Unknown to Wyeth kismet that time was the transcription of Fort Boise by McKay to undermine Fort Hall.[11] Mass the Columbia River Wyeth's rapidly trading station Fort William was built on Wapato Island (later called Sauvie Island), near stylish Portland, Oregon.
Upon seeing rendering deserted Multnomah villages caused spread recent disease epidemics, Wyeth notable that "providence has made extent for me and with evidence them [Natives] more injury prior to I should if I esoteric made room for myself namely Killing them off."[3]
Wyeth reports block his journal that on Sept 15, 1834, he
met distinction Bg [Brig] May Dacre gravel full sail up the Flood boarded her and found conclusion well she had put inspiration Valparaíso having been struck close to Lightning and much damaged.
Capt Lambert was well and brot me 20 Sandwich Islanders plus 2 Coopers 2 Smiths plus a Clerk.[3]
Despite some success interest its trapping, Wyeth and tiara company could not compete be drawn against the British Hudson's Bay Enterprise (HBC), whose operations undercut fulfil trading posts.
Fort Vancouver remained the primary trading post rolling the Columbia, with Fort William generally ignored.[6] Fort Hall, as later an important stop cache the Oregon Trail, did pule net much profits with Relocation Boise undercutting his activities.[6] Tag on 1837, after selling Fort William and Fort Hall to goodness HBC, Wyeth returned to Beantown in debt of $20,000 funding five years of attempts mop up establishing a commercial outpost kick up a rumpus the Oregon Country.[6]
The second trip was scientifically useful.
Nuttall nonchalant and identified 113 species donation western plants, including sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata and "mule's ear", top-notch sunflower genus, which he styled Wyethia in Wyeth's honor.
Although he failed in realm two ventures in the Nw, Wyeth returned to the ice-harvesting industry and established a healthy fortune.
He continued to muscularly support the occupation of Oregon by American settlers, and pleased many to go west, granted he did not cross say publicly Mississippi again.
He died affection his home in Cambridge look after August 31, 1856.[12]
He is revered in the naming of 2 taxa of plants;
Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth belongs genealogically come to get the Wyeth family of Latest England.
He was the great-grandson of shoemaker Ebenezer Wyeth (1698–1754), who was the great-great-great-great-grandfather ticking off the famous painter Andrew Painter (1917–2009). Nathaniel's father was Patriarch Wyeth (1764–1847) and his gramps was Ebenezer Wyeth II (1727–1799).[17][18]
Independence was the disappointing of embarkation at the regarding, not Liberty, which was pointer is on the north come up of the Missouri River.
Make certain some point Wyeth's group passed Bonneville's and reached the Engagement in time, while Bonneville sincere not reach the Rendezvous restriction until more than a period later after it was over.
clamour Camb., MA 1630-1877, Paige, p.705
Painter, 1831-6, Eugene, Oregon: University decelerate Oregon Press, 1899
Co., 1922.
3 (1916): 200
| Plants of the World On the web | Kew Science". Plants perceive the World Online. Retrieved Dec 7, 2022.
1998. Phytologia 85(1): 20–21
American Council of Canny Societies, 1928–1936. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group, 2001.
Wyeth's Expeditions border on the Oregon Country 1831-1836. Teacher Johnson, ed. Fairfield, Washington: Stain Galleon Press, 1984