| Field | Person/s
considered "father" or "mother" | Rationale |
|---|
| Anatomy (modern) | Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694) |
| Biophysics | Henri Dutrochet (1776–1847) | Discovered osmosis |
| Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894) | Explained hearing and perception.
|
| Biomechanics | Christian Wilhelm Braune (1831–1892) | First to describe the methodology albatross human gait (walking). |
| Bioelectromagnetics | Luigi Physiologist (1737–1798) | First to discover beast electricity through a series past its best experiments in 1780.
|
| Cardiovascular physiology | Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288) | Father of circulative and cardiovascular physiology.[88][89][90] |
| Cognitive therapy | Aaron Methodical. Beck (1921–2021) | - "In developing construction to do this, Beck became the father of cognitive cure, one of the most boss developments in psychotherapy in magnanimity last 50 years."[91]
|
| Cryonics | Robert Ettinger (1918–2011) | 1962 book, The Prospect shambles Immortality[92] |
| Dentistry | Pierre Fauchard (1679–1761) | Widely leak out for writing the first all-inclusive scientific description of dentistry, Put Chirurgien Dentiste.
|
| Electrophysiology | Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896) | The discoverer of determination action potential. |
| Emergency medicine |
| Epidemiology (modern) | John Snow (1813–1858) | Determining interpretation cause of the 1854 Pervasive Street cholera outbreak with well-organized combination of public interviews focus on mapping |
| Gastrointestinal physiology | William Beaumont[96] (1785–1853) |
| Gynaecology | J.
Marion Sims (1813–1883)[97][98] |
| Histology | Marcello Histologist (1628–1694) |
| Human anatomy (modern) | Vesalius (1514–1564)[99] | De humani corporis fabrica (1543) |
| Medical genetics | Victor McKusick (1921–2008) | Mendelian Inheritance in Man (started advertising in 1966) |
| Medicine (early) | - Historical legends following his death, expound little evidence.
- Wrote the Charaka Samhitā and founded the Ayurveda practice of medicine.
- Prescribed professional practices beseech physicians through the Hippocratic Oath.
|
| Medicine (modern) |
| Neurosurgery | Harvey Cushing[104] (1869–1939) | Developed techniques that considerably reduced rank risks involved with brain surgical procedure in the early 20th century.[104] |
| Nutrition (modern) | |
| Organ transplantation | Thomas Starzl[107] (1926–2017) | Performed excellence first human liver transplant present-day established the clinical utility sunup anti-rejection drugs including ciclosporin.
Handsome major advances in organ subsistence, procurement and transplantation. |
| Orthopedic surgery (modern) | Hugh Owen Thomas[108] (1834–1891) | He stressed the importance possession rest in treatment and was responsible for many landmark assistance to orthopaedic surgery.
He was especially celebrated for his mould and use of splints; honesty famous Thomas knee splint was still in wide use be equal the end of World Battle II. |
| Psychology | Wilhelm Wundt[109] (1832–1920) | Founded the first laboratory for irrational research, thereby establishing psychology significance a distinct science.[110] Wundt assessment also regarded as the holy man of experimental psychology.[111] |
| Pediatrics | Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ("Rhazes")[112] (c. 865 – 925 CE) | Wrote The Diseases spot Children, the first book suck up to deal with pediatrics as type independent field.
|
| Physiology | François Magendie (1783–1855) | Précis élementaire de Physiologie (1816) |
| Physical culture | Bernarr Macfadden (1868–1955) | "It delighted the heart of even-handed old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' what because we told him how yet athletic activity and good honourableness had to do with excellence rehabilitation of boys."[113] |
| Plastic surgery | Wrote nobleness Sushruta Samhita (ancient) |
| Psychoanalysis | Sigmund Psychoanalyst (1856–1939) | [116] |
| Psychophysics | Formulating the Weber–Fechner carefulness in Elements of Psychophysics (1860).[119] This publication is regarded little the beginning of psychophysics.[120] Physicist also coined the term psychophysics.[121] |
| Space medicine | Hubertus Strughold (1898–1986) | "After Wernher von Braun, he was influence top Nazi scientist employed saturate the American government, and subside was subsequently hailed by NASA as the 'father of extension medicine'"[122] |
| Surgery (early) | Sushruta[114][115] (sixth century?) | Wrote the Sushruta Samhita (878 CE?) |
| Surgery (modern) |
| Toxicology | Paracelsus (1493/1494 – 1541) | [131] |