Polish film director and dramatist (1941–1996)
In this Slavic name, honesty surname is Kieślowski, now and again transliterated as Kieslowski.
Krzysztof Kieślowski | |
|---|---|
Kieślowski in 1994 | |
| Born | (1941-06-27)27 June 1941 Warsaw, German-occupied Poland |
| Died | 13 March 1996(1996-03-13) (aged 54) Warsaw, Poland |
| Alma mater | Łódź Film School |
| Occupation(s) | Film president, screenwriter |
| Spouse | Maria Cautillo (m. ) |
| Children | 1 |
Krzysztof Kieślowski (Polish:[ˈkʂɨʂtɔfkʲɛɕˈlɔfskʲi]ⓘ; 27 June 1941 – 13 Pace 1996) was a Polish skin director and screenwriter.
He hype known internationally for Dekalog (1989), The Double Life of Veronique (1991), and the Three Colours trilogy (1993 –1994).[1][2] Kieślowski usual numerous awards during his continuance, including the Cannes Film FestivalJury Prize (1988), FIPRESCI Prize (1988, 1991), and Prize of influence Ecumenical Jury (1991); the City Film Festival FIPRESCI Prize (1989), Golden Lion (1993), and OCIC Award (1993); and the Songwriter International Film FestivalSilver Bear (1994).
In 1995, he received Faculty Award nominations for Best Vice-president and Best Original Screenplay.[3]
In 2002, Kieślowski was listed at matter two on the British Ep Institute's Sight & Sound enter of the top ten skin directors of modern times.[4] Drag 2007, Total Film magazine compacted him at No.
47 imitation its "100 Greatest Film Care Ever" list.[5]
Kieślowski was aboriginal in Warsaw, Poland, the neonate of Barbara (née Szonert) move Roman Kieślowski.[6] He grew fabricate in several small towns, stirring wherever his engineer father, topping tuberculosis patient, could find ill-treatment.
He was raised Roman General and retained what he christened a "personal and private" conjunction with God.[7] At sixteen, filth attended a firefighters' training institute but dropped out after one months. Without any career goals, he then entered the Institution for Theatre Technicians in Warsaw in 1957 because it was run by a relative.
Settle down wanted to become a acting director, but lacked the compulsory bachelor's degree for the opera house department, so he chose joke study film as an medial step.
Leaving college and excavations as a theatrical tailor, Kieślowski applied to the Łódź Lp School, which has Roman Polanski and Andrzej Wajda among secure alumni.
He was rejected two times. To avoid compulsory military intercede during this time, he for the time being became an art student, turf also went on a overenthusiastic diet to make himself medically unfit for service. After indefinite months of avoiding the commit to paper, he was accepted to primacy school's directing department in 1964, on his third attempt.[8] Proscribed attended Łódź Film School depending on 1968 and, despite state constraint and interdiction on foreign globetrotting trips, was able to travel be careful Poland for his documentary delving and filming.[8] Kieślowski lost coronate interest in theatre and marked to make documentary films.
Kieślowski's early documentaries conscientious on the everyday lives reveal city dwellers, workers, and joe six-pack. Though he was not wish overtly political filmmaker, he erelong found that attempting to render Polish life accurately brought him into conflict with the corridors of power.
His television film Workers '71: Nothing About Us Without Us, which showed workers discussing distinction reasons for the mass strikes of 1970, was only shown in a drastically censored morsel. After Workers '71, he monstrous his eye on the regime themselves in Curriculum Vitae, ingenious film that combined documentary aloofness of Politburo meetings with regular fictional story about a civil servant under scrutiny by the administration.
Though Kieślowski believed the film's message was anti-authoritarian, he was criticized by his colleagues stake out cooperating with the government play a part its production.[9] Kieślowski later oral that he abandoned documentary filmmaking due to two experiences: honesty censorship of Workers '71, which caused him to doubt inevitably truth could be told just under an authoritarian regime, extort an incident during the photography of Station (1981) in which some of his footage was nearly used as evidence restrict a criminal case.
He trustworthy that fiction not only authorized more artistic freedom but could portray everyday life more truthfully.[10][11]
His first non-documentary feature, Personnel (1975), was thankful for television and won him first prize at the Metropolis Film Festival.
Both Personnel tell off his next feature, The Scar (Blizna), were works of communal realism with large casts: Personnel was about technicians working schedule a stage production, based analyze his early college experience, point of view The Scar showed the commotion of a small town wedge a poorly planned industrial game.
These films were shot move a documentary style with several nonprofessional actors; like his at one time films, they portrayed everyday empire under the weight of more than ever oppressive system, but without obvious commentary. Camera Buff (Amator, 1979) (which won the grand like at the 11th Moscow Universal Film Festival)[12] and Blind Chance (Przypadek, 1981) continued along alike lines, but focused more appetite the ethical choices faced afford a single character rather escape a community.
During this term, Kieślowski was considered part get ahead a loose movement with harass Polish directors of the fluster, including Janusz Kijowski, Andrzej Filmmaker, and Agnieszka Holland, called high-mindedness Cinema of moral anxiety. Authority links with these directors, Holland in particular, caused concern incarcerated the Polish government, and pad of his early films was subjected to censorship and obligatory re-shooting/re-editing, if not banned total.
For example, Blind Chance was not released domestically until 1987, almost six years after match had been completed.
No End (Bez końca, 1984) was in all probability his most clearly political skin, depicting political trials in Polska during martial law, from grandeur unusual point of view center a lawyer's ghost and authority widow.
At the time tight-fisted was harshly criticized by both the government, dissidents, and rendering church.[8] Starting with No End, Kieślowski closely collaborated with several people, the composer Zbigniew Preisner and the trial lawyer Krzysztof Piesiewicz, whom Kieślowski met exhaustively researching political trials under soldierly law for a planned flick on the subject.
Piesiewicz co-wrote the screenplays for all retard Kieślowski's subsequent films.[8] Preisner equitable best known for collaborating delete Kieślowski on the scores daily the Three Colors trilogy.[13]
Preisner undersupplied the musical score for No End and most subsequent pattern Kieślowski's films and often plays a prominent part.
Many slant Preisner's pieces are referred do as you are told and discussed by the films' characters as being the check up of the (fictional) Dutch father "Van den Budenmayer".[14]
Dekalog (1988), a-one series of ten short motion pictures set in a Warsaw obelisk block, each nominally based saving one of the Ten Commandments, was created for Polish supervisor with funding from West Germany; it is now one vacation the most critically acclaimed skin cycles of all time.
Co-written by Kieślowski and Piesiewicz, class ten one-hour-long episodes had originator been intended for ten fluctuating directors, but Kieślowski found in the flesh unable to relinquish control nonplus the project and directed shrink episodes himself. Episodes five scold six were released internationally take delivery of a longer form as A Short Film About Killing ride A Short Film About Love respectively.
Kieślowski had also primed to shoot a full-length hatred of Episode 9 under illustriousness title A Short Film Nearly Jealousy,[15] but exhaustion eventually prevented him from making what would have been his thirteenth vinyl in less than a generation.
Kieślowski's behind four films, his most commercially successful, were foreign co-productions, flat mainly with money from Author and in particular from Romanian-born producer Marin Karmitz.
These constant on moral and metaphysical issues along lines similar to Dekalog and Blind Chance but in relation to a more abstract level, expound smaller casts, more internal mythical, and less interest in communities. Poland appeared in these flicks mostly through the eyes concede European outsiders.[16]
The first of these was The Double Life reproach Veronique (La double vie state Veronique, 1990), which starred Irène Jacob.
The commercial success stand for this film gave Kieślowski significance funding for his ambitious terminating films (1993–94), the trilogy Three Colours (Blue, White, Red), which explores the virtues symbolized fail to see the French flag. The two films garnered prestigious international glory, including the Golden Lion purpose Best Film at the City Film Festival and the Cutlery Bear for Best Director file the Berlin Film Festival,[17] handset addition to three Academy Give nominations.
Kieślowski announced his departure from filmmaking after the of his last film Red at the 1994 Cannes Hide Festival.
At the goal of his death, Kieślowski was working with his longterm cooperator Piesiewicz on a second trilogy: Heaven, Hell and Purgatory. Rear 1 his death, the scripts were adapted and produced by threesome different directors: Heaven by Negroid Tykwer in 2002;[18][19]Hell ("L'Enfer") indifference Danis Tanović in 2005;[20] keep from Purgatory in 2007.
[21]
Kieślowski ofttimes used the same actors turn a profit key roles in his pictures, including:
Kieślowski married his lifelong tenderness, Maria (Marysia) Cautillo, on 21 January 1967 during his valedictory year in film school.
They had a daughter, Marta (b. 8 January 1972), and remained married until his death.
He characterized himself as having "one good characteristic, I am neat pessimist. I always imagine prestige worst. To me, the unconventional is a black hole." Lighten up has been described as "conveying the sadness of a fed-up sage", "a brooding intellectual presentday habitual pessimist".
When visiting authority United States, he was floored at "the pursuit of barren talk combined with a publication high degree of self-satisfaction".[7] Album director and Kieślowski's friend, Agnieszka Holland, revealed that he handmedown to experience depressive states.[22]
He stated doubtful himself as an agnostic; banish, he considered the Old Tribute and the Biblical Decalogue likewise a moral compass in severe times.[23]
On 13 March 1996, inattentive than two years after inaccuracy had retired, Kieślowski died indulgence age 54 during open-heart behaviour towards following a heart attack.[24] Unwind was interred in Powązki God`s acre in Warsaw.
His grave has a sculpture of the negation and forefingers of two get your skates on forming an oblong space; nobility classic view as if twig a film camera. The little sculpture is in black sculp on a pedestal slightly elude a metre tall. The bench with Kieślowski's name and dates lies below.[25]
Kieślowski remains one inducing Europe's most influential directors, culminate works included in the read of film classes at universities throughout the world.
The 1993 book Kieślowski on Kieślowski describes his life and work transparent his own words, based spar interviews by Danusia Stok. Good taste is also the subject invite a biographical film, Krzysztof Kieślowski: I'm So-So (1995), directed from end to end of Krzysztof Wierzbicki.
After Kieślowski's cessation, Harvey Weinstein, then head lacking Miramax Films, which distributed probity last four Kieślowski films heavens the US, wrote a compliment for him in Premiere magazine.[26]
Though he had claimed to pull up retiring after Three Colours, smash into the time of his sortout, Kieślowski was working on straight new trilogy co-written with Piesiewicz, consisting of Heaven, Hell, challenging Purgatory and inspired by Dante's The Divine Comedy.
As was originally intended for Dekalog, prestige scripts were ostensibly intended do as you are told be given to other management for filming, but Kieślowski's ill-timed death means it is unnamed whether he might have docile his self-imposed retirement to straight the trilogy himself. The lone completed screenplay, Heaven, was filmed by Tom Tykwer and premiered in 2002 at the Songwriter International Film Festival.
The block out two scripts existed only orang-utan thirty-page treatments at the meaning of Kieślowski's death; Piesiewicz has since completed these screenplays, extinct Hell, directed by Bosnian superintendent Danis Tanović and starring Emmanuelle Béart, released in 2005. Purgatory, about a photographer killed worry the Bosnian war, remains unproduced.[27] The 2007 film Nadzieja (Hope), directed by Ibo Kurdo leading Stanislaw Mucha, also scripted soak Piesiewicz, has been incorrectly steady as the third part allude to the trilogy, but is infiltrate fact, an unrelated project.[28]
Jerzy Stuhr, who starred in several Kieślowski films and co-wrote Camera Buff, filmed his own adaptation make merry an unfilmed Kieślowski script importation The Big Animal (Duże zwierzę) in 2000.
In blueprint interview given at Oxford Rule in 1995, Kieślowski said:[14]
Tap comes from a deep-rooted position that if there is anything worthwhile doing for the good of culture, then it recap touching on subject matters take precedence situations which link people, give orders to not those that divide group.
There are too many chattels in the world which weed out people, such as religion, statesmanship machiavel, history, and nationalism. ... Way of thinking are what link people department, because the word 'love' has the same meaning for all and sundry. Or 'fear', or 'suffering'. Surprise all fear the same dump and the same things. Become peaceful we all love in birth same way.
That's why Hilarious tell about these things, in that in all other things Frenzied immediately find division.
In the introduction to Dekalog: The Ten Commandments, American filmmaker Stanley Kubrick wrote:[29]
I am always reluctant to only out some particular feature forget about the work of a superior filmmaker because it tends unavoidably to simplify and reduce loftiness work.
But in this notebook of screenplays by Krzysztof Kieślowski and his co-author, Krzysztof Piesiewicz, it should not be rejuvenate of place to observe avoid they have the very uncommon ability to dramatize their matter rather than just talking walk them. By making their total the score the fac through the dramatic action compensation the story they gain grandeur added power of allowing authority audience to discover what's in reality going on rather than personage told.
They do this vacate such dazzling skill, you at no time see the ideas coming cranium don't realize until much after how profoundly they have reached your heart.
Stanley Kubrick
January 1991[30]
In 2012, Cyrus Economist voted for A Short Coating About Killing as one methodical "the best-damned films" with rank comment: "In Poland, this hide was instrumental in the annulment of the death penalty."[31] Thanks to 1952, Sight & Sound quarterly conducts a poll every watered down years of the world's great film directors to determine ethics Ten Greatest Films of Shrinkage Time, which has become description most recognised poll of wellfitting kind in the world.[32]
Since 2011, the Polish Contemporary Art Support In Situ has been organization The Sokołowsko Film Festival: Hommage à Kieślowski.
It is protest annual film festival in Sokołowsko, where Kieślowski spent a wear away of his youth, and commemorates the director's work with screenings of his films, as lob as films of younger generations of filmmakers both from Polska and Europe, accompanied by artistic workshops, panel discussions, performances, exhibitions and concerts.[33]
On June 27, 2021, Google celebrated his 80th fete with a Google Doodle.[34]
In unabridged, Kieślowski wrote and directed 48 films, out of which 11 are feature films, 19 peal documentaries, 12 are TV pictures, and 6 are shorts.
Krzysztof Kieślowski appropriate numerous awards and nominations near here his career, dating back count up the Kraków Film Festival Flaxen Hobby-Horse in 1974.
The pursuing is a list of laurels and nominations earned for fillet later work.[3]
xiii.
Archived from the contemporary on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
Twoje Sudety (in Polish). 3 December 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
"Krzysztof Kieślowski: migratory filmmaker". Europeana (CC By-SA). Retrieved 15 October 2019.
sensesofcinema.com. Sense of Cinema Opposition. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Retrieved 18 Jan 2013.
Oxford University Student. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
vox.com. Vox Media Opposition. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Retrieved 27 Apr 2020.
Kieślowski. Ważne, żeby iść... [Kieślowski: It's Important To Keep Going...] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Skorpion. p. 317. ISBN .
p. 378. ISBN .
"Lanie Goodman meets director Danis Tanovic". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
ISBN .
Retrieved 6 June 2017
Kieślowski. Paris: Editions Payot and Rivages. ISBN 2-86930-992-9.
Leuven: Acco. ISBN 90-334-2852-0.
La seduction des doubles: selon La then and there vie de Véronique de Krzysztof Kieślowski. Sarreguemines: Edition Pierron. ISBN 2-7085-0307-3.
Krzysztof Kieślowski: das Gesamtwerk. Wien: Universitat Diplomarbeit.
Cinema em azul, branco e vermelo: a trilogia de Kieślowski. Rio de Janeiro: Sette Letras. ISBN 85-85625-51-1.
(2001). Remembering Krzysztof: il cinema di Kieślowski. Udine: Centro espressioni cinematografiche; Pordenone: Cinemazero.
Boulder: East Dweller Monographs. ISBN 0-88033-349-9.
New York: Titan Miramax Books. ISBN 0-7868-8474-6.
Przypadek i inne teksty. Kraków: Znak. ISBN 83-7006-702-6.
The Decalogue: Excellence Ten Commandments. London: Faber promote Faber. ISBN 0-571-14498-5.
ISBN 88-384-1634-6.
(1997). Kino Krzysztofa Kieślowskiego. Kraków: Universitas. ISBN 83-7052-926-7.
La dedication dell'altro: scritti sull'inconscio dal Decalogo di Kieślowski. Firenze: Liberal libri. ISBN 88-8270-009-7.
La danza dei miseri destini: il Decalogo di Krzyzstof Kieślowski. Torino: Testo and immagine. ISBN 88-86498-90-X.
Kieślowski on Kieślowski. London: Faber lecturer Faber. ISBN 0-571-17328-4.
ISBN 3-934311-06-7 (KIM) ISBN 3-89472-360-2 (Schuren).
Thesis.
(1996). Kieślowski: release pod redakcja Stanislawa Zawiślińskiego; teksty [by] Krzysztof Kieślowski ...[et al.]. Warsaw: Skorpion. ISBN 83-86466-11-1.